![]() ![]() The process is indirect, mediated by each country’s historical and cultural background. Therefore, it is important to note that the effect of societal changes on alcohol consumption differ between countries and there is no direct link between changes in living conditions and drinking. In 201718, there were 191.2 million litres of pure alcohol available for consumption through alcoholic beverages in Australia, an increase from 187.6 million. ![]() In contrast, the change in the UK and other Northern European countries, moving from a lower base in the 1980s towards higher levels of drinking and alcohol-related harm is generally explained by increased availability and affordability of alcohol,, combined with a culture of heavy, episodic drinking connected with weekends and celebrations, which are considered to have a particularly bad effect on health. The radical positive change in Southern European drinking patterns has been explained as part of a wider societal transformation since the 1960s, with growing urbanisation and related changes in working conditions as well as increased health awareness in the population. These changes in opposite directions challenge popular notions of static ‘drinking cultures’ including the idea that in Southern Europe there has always been a culture of harmless light drinking, integrated into everyday life. (per capita) and nearly three times as much as the worldwide average (6.3 liters of pure alcohol per person over the age of 15 over the course of one year). Since the 1970s changing alcohol consumption has led to a three- to fivefold increase in liver deaths in the UK, and a three- to fivefold decrease in France and Italy. Situated between Romania and Ukraine, this former Soviet republic consumes just about twice as much alcohol as the U.S. Alcohol consumption Indonesia, 2019: 0.1 Litres/capita (aged 15 and over) Trkiye, 2020: 1.2 Litres/capita (aged 15 and over) Costa Rica, 2021: 3.1 Litres/. In fact, not very long ago, it was exactly the other way round. The highest rates can be seen in countries like Belarus, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Ireland, and France. There is not a static 'national drinking culture' in contrast to how this is often being portrayed in popular media - with heavy drinking in Northern countries contrasted with moderate consumption in Southern Europe. Looking at the published statistics, the highest consumption rates of alcohol seem to be concentrated in Europe and other places in the Northern Hemisphere of the globe. The way people drink in different countries, and how much they drink, is changing over time. ![]()
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